Dermoid Sinus in the Vietnamese Phu Quoc Ridgeback Dog: A Comprehensive Guide
- Phu Quoc Ridgeback Kennel Club
- 21 hours ago
- 7 min read
The Vietnamese Phu Quoc Ridgeback is one of the world's rarest and most primitive dog breeds, originating from Phu Quoc Island in Vietnam. Known for its distinctive ridge of backward-growing hair along its spine, this breed shares similarities with other ridgeback dogs like the Rhodesian Ridgeback. However, one significant health concern associated with ridgeback breeds—particularly the Phu Quoc Ridgeback—is the dermoid sinus, a congenital neural tube defect that can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
Section 1: The Vietnamese Phu Quoc Ridgeback – An Ancient Breed
Origins and History
Native to Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam, this breed has existed for centuries with minimal human interference.
Used primarily for hunting, guarding, and companionship by local fishermen and farmers.
Recognized by the Viet Kennel Association (VKA) but remains rare outside Southeast Asia.
Physical and Behavioral Traits
Medium-sized (35-45 lbs), athletic, and agile with a short, dense coat.
Signature ridge along the spine, formed by hair growing in the opposite direction.
High intelligence, independence, and strong prey drive.
Loyal but reserved with strangers, making them excellent watchdogs.
Genetic Purity and Health
As a landrace breed, the Phu Quoc Ridgeback has fewer inherited diseases than heavily modified breeds.
However, the ridge gene is linked to dermoid sinus, a condition seen in ridgeback dogs worldwide.
Section 2: Understanding Dermoid Sinus in Ridgeback Dogs
What Is a Dermoid Sinus?
A dermoid sinus (DS) is a congenital tubular skin defect that forms during embryonic development. It appears as a narrow tunnel connecting the skin to deeper tissues, often near the spine.
Causes
Genetic mutation linked to the ridge gene (FOXIII mutation).
Incomplete separation of neural tube layers during fetal growth.
More common in ridgeback breeds (Phu Quoc, Rhodesian, Thai Ridgebacks).
Types of Dermoid Sinus
The classification for dermoid sinuses includes six distinct types, but for simplicity and easier understanding, we've grouped them into three main categories:
Type 1 – Extends into muscle tissue.
Type 2 – Connects to the spinal ligaments.
Type 3 – Reaches the spinal canal (most severe).
Symptoms and Complications
Visible small lump, dimple or pore along the spine.
Hair loss or tufted fur around the sinus.
Infections, abscesses, or cysts due to trapped debris.
Neurological issues (if the sinus connects to the spinal cord).
Pain, swelling, drainage/pus
Section 3: Diagnosis and Treatment of Dermoid Sinus
How Is It Diagnosed?
Physical Examination –The primary method of diagnosing a dermoid sinus is through a thorough physical examination. Skilled, experienced breeders and veterinarians can often detect dermoid sinuses early by palpating along the dog’s midline (particularly the ridge area) and feeling for subtle openings or tubular structures under the skin. In most cases, a careful hands-on evaluation is sufficient to confirm the presence of a dermoid sinus.
Imaging (MRI or CT Scan) –Advanced imaging, such as MRI or CT scans, can be used to determine the depth of the sinus tract and whether it connects to deeper spinal structures. However, most skilled and experienced veterinary surgeons will forgo MRI or CT unless absolutely necessary, as physical examination is typically reliable enough to identify and plan for surgical treatment of dermoid sinuses. Additionally, MRI and CT can lead to unnecessary anesthesia risks.
Treatment Options
1. Surgical Removal (Best Option)
Recommended for all but the mildest cases.
Full excision of the sinus tract prevents recurrence.
Best done early (8-12 weeks old) before complications arise.
2. Medical Management (For Inoperable Cases)
Antibiotics for infections.
Steroid for inflammation
Regular cleaning to prevent debris buildup.
Monitoring for neurological signs.
3. Post-Surgical Care
Wound monitoring for infection.
Restricted activity during healing.
Antibiotics and pain medications
Courtesy: Elizabeth Akers, https://www.rincal.org.
Section 4: Ethical Breeding and Prevention
Genetic Testing and Responsible Breeding
No definitive DS test yet exists. DS is usually discovered through physical palpation of the midline of the body. It is frequently misdiagnosed as an abscess.
Breeders should avoid breeding dogs with a history of DS in their lineage.
Breeding ridge x non-ridge crosses reduces risk of DS
Screening Puppies
Breeders should check for DS at birth and weekly thereafter.
Buyers should do their due diligence and ensure they get a health guarantee from breeder.
Early surgery is most beneficial if diagnosed in puppies
Per ethical breeding standards, buyers are entitled to a full refund if their dog is diagnosed with dermoid sinus at any stage of life.
Section 5: Living With a Phu Quoc Ridgeback With Dermoid Sinus
Daily Care Tips
Regular skin checks for signs of infection.
Avoid rough play that could irritate the area.
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce spinal stress.
Long-Term Outlook
Most dogs live normal lives after surgery.
Untreated DS can lead to chronic pain or paralysis.
Early intervention is key to preventing complications.
Section 6: What to Expect During and After Dermoid Sinus Surgery in a Vietnamese Phu Quoc Ridgeback
Dermoid sinus (DS) surgery is the most effective treatment for affected Phu Quoc Ridgebacks, but it requires careful planning, skilled veterinary work, and attentive aftercare.
Pre-Surgical Preparation
1. Choosing the Right Veterinarian
Experience Matters: Seek a veterinary surgeon who has performed DS removals, ideally on ridgeback breeds. A list of surgeons can be found at https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1UtikmdtqUBwBVEzYcMj5X0DB0z-PPe4oV2KsJSJMdj0/edit?fbclid=IwAR35jI54mCwz-YqwzbKAwVicm1AwoGK55QFUoJybP3fxjMZIl9Tm6V3W9sI&gid=0#gid=0
2. Pre-Surgical Testing
Bloodwork: Checks liver/kidney function and clotting ability.
3. Fasting and Pre-Op Care
No food 8-12 hours before surgery (water is usually allowed until 2 hours prior).
Anti-anxiety meds may be given if the dog is stressed.
The Surgical Procedure
Step-by-Step Process
Anesthesia Induction
The dog is sedated, then given general anesthesia.
An IV catheter is placed for fluids and emergency access.
Surgical Site Preparation
The ridge area is shaved and sterilized.
The sinus opening is marked for precise removal.
Tracing and Excision
The surgeon follows the sinus tract down to its deepest point.
Complete removal is critical—any leftover tissue can regrow.
If the sinus connects to the spine, delicate microsurgery techniques are used.
Closure and Bandaging
The wound is closed with absorbable sutures (or staples if large).
A sterile bandage or surgical suit is applied to prevent licking/infection.
Duration and Complexity
Simple cases (Type 1): 30-60 minutes.
Complex cases (Type 2-3): Up to 2+ hours if spinal structures are involved.
Post-Surgical Recovery
First 24 Hours
Grogginess: The dog may be disoriented from anesthesia.
Pain Management: Opioids or NSAIDs are given for comfort.
Limited Movement: Confine to a crate or small room to prevent injury.
First 2 Weeks
Bandage Care: Change dressings as directed (usually every 2-3 days).
E-Collar (Cone): Prevents licking/chewing at stitches.
Activity Restriction:
No running, jumping, or stairs.
Leash-only bathroom breaks.
Healing Timeline
Time Post-Op | Milestones |
3-5 days | Swelling/redness subsides |
10-14 days | Stitch removal (if non-absorbable) |
4-6 weeks | Full tissue healing, gradual return to activity |
Potential Complications
Infection: Signs include pus, fever, or foul odor.
Seroma (fluid buildup): May require drainage. A compression dressing with an ACE bandage may help to prevent a seroma from forming.
Recurrence: If any sinus tissue remains.
Neurological Issues: Rare but possible if the spinal cord was affected.
Long-Term Prognosis
Success Rate: Over 90% with complete removal.
No Recurrence: If fully excised, the DS won’t return.
Normal Life: Most dogs resume full activity after healing.
Cost of Dermoid Sinus Surgery
Surgical Cost Breakdown in USD
Factor | Estimated Cost (USD) |
Basic DS removal (Type 1) | 800-2,500 |
Complex surgery (Type 2-3) | 2,500–5,000 |
Post-op medications | 50–200 |
Follow-up exams | 75–150 per visit |
Note: Costs vary by region and clinic expertise.
Key Takeaways for Owners
Early Surgery Is Best: Puppies as young as 8-12 weeks can undergo DS removal.
Follow Vet Instructions Strictly: Proper aftercare prevents complications.
Monitor for Life: Even after successful surgery, watch for new sinus tracts (rare but possible).
Section 7. Financial Assistance Options
Pet Insurance
Only 30% of policies cover congenital conditions like DS
Recommended providers with breed-specific coverage:
Healthy Paws (covers DS if not pre-existing)
Embrace (optional congenital condition rider)
Trupanion (covers DS)
Clinic Payment Plans
Common options:
CareCredit (6-18 month financing)
ScratchPay (short-term installment loans)
Nonprofit aid:
Brown Dog Foundation (grants for surgery)
Pre-Surgery Financial Checklist
✔ Verify insurance coverage in writing
✔ Compare 3+ veterinary quotes
✔ Apply for financing pre-approval
✔ Discuss deposit requirements (typically 50% upfront)
✔ Connect with other dog owners for tips and recommendations
Final Thoughts: A Hopeful Future for Phu Quoc Ridgebacks
While the dermoid sinus is a serious condition, the outlook for affected Phu Quoc Ridgebacks has never been brighter. Thanks to advances in veterinary medicine and responsible breeding practices, this congenital issue is now highly manageable—and in most cases, completely curable with early intervention.
For owners facing a dermoid sinus diagnosis, take heart: successful surgery allows these remarkable dogs to live full, vibrant lives. Their legendary athleticism, intelligence, and loyalty remain uncompromised. Breeders, too, are making tremendous progress—through genetic awareness and careful selection, the incidence of DS is steadily declining.
The Phu Quoc Ridgeback has survived for centuries as Vietnam’s canine treasure. Today, with proper care and commitment, we can ensure this breed thrives for centuries more. Every ridgeback deserves a life free from discomfort, and together—through education, ethical breeding, and proactive care—we can make that vision a reality.
If your dog has been diagnosed, remember: you’re not alone. A global community of ridgeback owners, aficionados, and veterinary specialists stands ready to help. The road may have challenges, but the destination—a happy, healthy companion bounding through life beside you—is worth every step.
The ridge on their back tells a story of resilience. Let’s make the next chapter their best one yet.
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